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關(guān)于混合動(dòng)力汽車的文章，必須英漢都有。中文一千字以上，要有英文翻譯。幫幫忙，謝謝了！: 問(wèn) 提問(wèn)者：網(wǎng)友 | 2017-07-15

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車用能源轉(zhuǎn)型的方向和重點(diǎn)車用能源轉(zhuǎn)型的方向?qū)氖?、天然?煤層氣、煤基燃料向生物質(zhì)燃料和化石能、核能及可再生能源制氫和發(fā)電過(guò)渡。從資源來(lái)源看，中長(zhǎng)期車用石油替代燃料的主體將來(lái)自三方面：煤基燃料、生物燃料、天然氣燃料。到2020年，總量將可達(dá)到3000萬(wàn)噸以上，占車用燃料總消費(fèi)的15%~20%，與歐盟的預(yù)期目標(biāo)基本相同。從車輛應(yīng)用角度看，車用代用燃料主要有三類：含氧燃料（醇/醚/酯）、合成油（BTL/CTL/GTL）、氣體燃料（甲烷氣/合成氣/氫氣）。含氧燃料技術(shù)成熟，是近期推廣應(yīng)用的重點(diǎn)，一般以摻混使用為宜。合成油與現(xiàn)有車輛技術(shù)體系和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施安全兼容，而且是一種優(yōu)質(zhì)的環(huán)保燃料。其技術(shù)也還有較大的改進(jìn)余地。從中長(zhǎng)期看，將成為一種主體代用燃料。氣體燃料中，甲烷氣是近中期的重點(diǎn)，以天然氣為例，2020年，我國(guó)天然氣供應(yīng)量可達(dá)到1200億m3 以上，如拿出10%左右用于汽車就可替代1000萬(wàn)噸左右汽柴油；合成氣是各種一次能源通過(guò)氣化工藝制成的富氫氣體，是各種汽車新型燃料的原料氣，也可直接用做車用燃料，在車用能源轉(zhuǎn)型中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用；氫氣是一種原料來(lái)源廣泛、尾氣排放為零的環(huán)保燃料，是車用能源轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)之一。根據(jù)國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，我國(guó)將從基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究、前沿技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、工程應(yīng)用開發(fā)等多個(gè)層面實(shí)施對(duì)氫能技術(shù)的重點(diǎn)突破。汽車動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)型與混合動(dòng)力汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)完整的體系，包括燃料、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)三個(gè)主要層次。根據(jù)生命周期循環(huán)分析，從油井到車輪的效率來(lái)看，源于石油的最佳組合是：汽油 /柴油—內(nèi)燃機(jī)—混合動(dòng)力；源于天然氣、煤的氫燃料電池及其混合動(dòng)力可與合成燃料內(nèi)燃機(jī)及其混合動(dòng)力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。近年來(lái)，汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)最大的突破是混合動(dòng)力技術(shù)，它為汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)型奠定了基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái)。當(dāng)前，內(nèi)燃機(jī)混合動(dòng)力轎車產(chǎn)業(yè)化是動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)型的里程碑。采用混聯(lián)式汽車混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的轎車城市工況可節(jié)油40%左右。混合動(dòng)力還為汽車排放控制尤其是城市工況條件下的排放控制提供了有效的新途徑。鑒于我國(guó)私人轎車主要集中在大中城市，混合動(dòng)力車輛也具有重要的節(jié)能環(huán)保意義。要借鑒我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控噴射等技術(shù)變革中所積累的開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和商業(yè)模式，并通過(guò)稅收優(yōu)惠等激勵(lì)政策，大力開發(fā)和推廣混合動(dòng)力。今后，發(fā)展我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力有兩條技術(shù)路線值得重視：一是轎車混合動(dòng)力的模塊化。通過(guò)功能模塊的發(fā)展與組合逐步推進(jìn)汽車動(dòng)力的電氣化。從只有具備自動(dòng)啟停、怠速關(guān)機(jī)功能的“微混全”（micro-hybrid）、以并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為主體的“輕混合”（micro- hybrid）和以混聯(lián)式為特征的“全混合”（full-hybrid），隨著電功率的比例逐步提高，最終過(guò)渡到串聯(lián)式“可充電混合”（plug-in- hybrid）。二是城市客車混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的平臺(tái)化。發(fā)電機(jī)組+驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)+儲(chǔ)能裝置構(gòu)成了混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的基本技術(shù)平臺(tái)。通過(guò)換用不同的輔助動(dòng)力總成（APU）適應(yīng)從汽、柴油內(nèi)燃機(jī)到氫能燃料電池各種不同的能源動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)化裝置，形成油—電、氣—電、電—電各種不同混合動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡與轉(zhuǎn)型。歐陽(yáng)明高，現(xiàn)任全國(guó)政協(xié)常委，教育部長(zhǎng)江學(xué)者特聘教授，清華大學(xué)汽車工程系主任，汽車安全與節(jié)能國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任，清華節(jié)能與新能源汽車工程中心主任。兼任國(guó)家“863”“電動(dòng)汽車”重大專項(xiàng)總體組專家，中國(guó)汽車工程學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分會(huì)主任委員，中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)學(xué)會(huì)副理事長(zhǎng)。 Countries new energy and Motor energy transformation of the direction and key Motor energy transformation from the direction of oil and natural gas to coal and CBM, / to biomass fuel and fossil fuel can, nuclear and renewable hydrogen production and power transition. From sources is look, long-term the subject of vehicle oil alternative fuels will come from three aspects: coal based fuels, biofuels, gas fuel. By 2020, total amount will be reached 3,000 tons, the total consumption of automotive fuel 15% ~ 20%, and the eu targets of basic and same. Application perspective from vehicles, vehicle alternative fuel three main: oxygen-bearing fuel (alcohol/ether/ester), synthetic oil (GTL) BTL/CTL/methane gas, gas fuel (syngas/hydrogen). / Oxygen-bearing fuel mature technology, the application of the recent key, general with mixed use advisable. Synthetic oils with existing vehicle technology system and infrastructure security compatible, and is a high-quality environmental fuel. The technology also have greater room for improvement. From the long run, will become a main alternative fuel. Gas fuel, methane gas is the key JinZhongQi with natural gas, for example, by 2020, and Chinas natural gas supply can reach 120 billion m3 above, such as took 10% used in automobile can replace about 1,000 tons of gasoline and diesel; Syngas is all sorts of primary energy through the gasification processes, made of rich hydrogen gas is all sorts of new fuel car feedgas, also direct vehicle fuel used in motor energy transformation, plays a key role; Hydrogen is a raw material origin is widespread, emissions to zero environmental fuel, is the strategic target of vehicle energy transformation of one. According to the national long-term technology development program, our country will from fundamental scientific research, technical innovation and engineering application frontier development of hydrogen technology implementation on multiple levels of key breakthrough. Auto power transformation and hybrid Auto power system is a complete system, including fuel, engine, power transmission system three main level. According to the life cycle analysis, from the efficiency of oil to the wheels, from the perspective of oil optimal combination is: gasoline/diesel - internal combustion engine - hybrid; From natural gas, coal hydrogen fuel cell and its hybrid can and synthetic fuel internal combustion engine and its hybrid competition. In recent years, auto power system is the biggest breakthrough hybrid technology for car dynamic systems, which laid a foundation platform of transformation. Currently, hybrid cars industrialization is the internal combustion engine power transformation milestone. Using mixed association-like car hybrid system of urban condition can fuel-efficient cars by around 40%. Hybrid car emissions control especially for urban conditions emissions control provides effective new way. View our private cars mainly concentrated in cities, hybrid vehicles also has important energy conservation and environmental protection significance. The auto industry in our country should learn from electronic engine control injection technology accumulated in the transformation of development experience and business models, and through tax incentives and other incentive policy, develop and promote hybrid. In the future, developing hybrid have two technical route worth attention: one is the car hybrid of modularization. Through the development and function modules combination of power to promote the gradual car electrified. From only possesses automatic start-stop, idle shutdown function ""micro mix all the"" (micro hybrid), with parallel - hybrid engine as the main body of the ""light blending"" (micro hybrid) and to mix - characterized association-like mixed ""("" all full hybrid), along with the power - the proportion of transition to gradual enhancement, eventually tandemvibratory"" rechargeable mixed plug - in - ""(hybrid). 2 it is a city bus hybrid system of the platform. Generator + drive motor + storage device constitute the basic hybrid system technology platform. Through for a different auxiliary power assembly (the APU) from gasoline and diesel to hydrogen fuel cell diesel engines to different kinds of energy and power conversion device, forming oil, electricity, gas, electricity, electricity - all sorts of different hybrid electric power system, promoting the smooth transition and transformation. The Chinese peoples political consultative conference, the incumbent OuYangMingGao changjiang scholar and professor, ministry of education, tsinghua university hires automotive engineering department, automobile safety and energy, director of state key laboratory, tsinghua energy saving and new energy vehicle engineering center director. Concurrently national ""863"" ""electric car"" major projects ZongTiZu experts, China automotive engineering society, the chairman of the committee engine branch China internal combustion engine society vice-chairman.: 回答者：網(wǎng)友

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